An Study Of Human Behavior Based On Cost Benefits - 844 Words

Economics is the study of human behavior based on cost-benefits analysis. They deal with scarcity, the unlimited wants humans have and limited resources that’s available (â€Å"What Do Economists Do†). Marriage is based on the idea that both partners will dedicate the rest of their lives together, through sickness and adversities. The majority of couples that goes into holy matrimony expecting the relationship to last forever. Studies have shown that divorce rates have been on the rise to over 50% in the past decade (McElory 1). People who jump into marriage without first laying a solid foundation of learning and understanding their partners; seeing eye to eye on various issues, will be more prone to divorce. Marriage patterns are based partly on age and education status. One of the variables of a stable marriage is based on the individual’s education. The Bureau of Labor Statistics have been collecting information and data based on gender, race, ethnicity, and e ducational attainment in the United States. They have found that white people are twice more likely to attain a bachelor’s degree than Blacks and Hispanics. This is largely because the government has a monopoly control over education and schools across the country. The government has laws to prevent parents from choosing what schools their children can attend, even if it’s an F grade school with graduation rates below 10% (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce†). They are largely zoned to the school the government forces then to go. IfShow MoreRelatedThe Perspective of Rational Choice 1552 Words   |  7 Pageslarger systems. When I read in our book how human behavior is based on self-interest and rational choices about effective ways to accomplish goals (Hutchison, 2008, p. 46), my past interactions made so much more sense. This is because human interaction involves trade of social resources, such as love, approval, information, money, and physical labor (Hutchison, 2008 , p. 46). One is simply trying to maximize benefits, what you get, and minimize costs, what you lose. One’s values, norms, and expectationsRead MoreThe Effect Of Wireless Phone Radiation Risks On Human Health753 Words   |  4 Pagese.g. food with a conditioned stimulus e.g. bell (Lecture, Feb 24 2016; Bandura, 2004). Therefore the association between the bell and subsequent food is a learned behavior. This response could be reversed through deconditioning when the reward is removed. In order to receive cash the Oprtunidades participants learned healthier behaviors by being conditioned over ten years that the program provided conditional cash transfer to them. When the CCT program was eliminated it could have reversed the processRead MoreThe Social Exchange Theory in Interpersonal Relationships1577 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpersonal communication. One of the theories that is used to explain changes in social behavior is the social exchange theory. The social exchange theory proposes t hat social behavior is the result of an exchange process between two people. The basic concept of the exchange theory is that it emphasizes the cost between the interactions of people and their social environment. Exchange theory attempts to explain human behavior under the content of a balanced-equal ratio within the distribution of giving andRead MoreBenefits and Cost of Valuing Diversity Essay629 Words   |  3 Pagesshould be valued in order to achieve the greatest competitive advantage, improve business performance and to enhance the progress and growth of the company. Diversity does not only have benefits. It also has disadvantages such as increasing conflicts, detrimental work behaviors and communication barriers. Benefits of valuing diversity A company with workers from different backgrounds should be valued because it has a wide variety of talents and has a competitive advantage over a homogeneousRead MoreThe New Hope Antipoverty Program Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesnot receive all the benefits they deserved because of their low incomes. One thousand three hundred and fifty-seven low-income adults, living in the two poorest neighborhoods of that city, volunteered to take part in the study to see how effective this experimental program would be. The participants were all randomly assigned, and half of them would receive the New Hope benefits while the other half served as a control group that would not receive the benefits. These benefits included earning supplementsRead MoreThe Rational Choice and Biological Trait Theories Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesrational choice theory comes from the classical theory which is based off of personal choice towards criminal behavior. Criminal behavior under the rational choice theory has been due to the free thinking of society and has always been because of a specif ic thought process of personal vendettas. For example, a jealous person may feel the need to do something physically illegal like punching another person in the face because the benefit of gratitude is worth the risk of consequence. The example aboveRead MoreConsidering The Ethics Of Minors And Birth Control1281 Words   |  6 Pagesrights-based, duty-based, justice based, and virtue-based ethics. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism also known as the principle of utility is an ethical theory proposed by early philosophers. This theory implies that actions are only judged by its consequences whether they are good or bad. One should perform a particular action because it will yield the best results for all. This approach also analysis the cost and benefit relationship. The downfall with this theory is that not everyone benefits (FremgenRead More Altruism: Selfless or Selfish? Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pageson earth. Perhaps before I even consider that question, however, I should wonder whether we even can be here to help others: is selflessness really possible? Or is altruism merely doing things for others in order to feel good about ourselves? If human altruism exists, how does our neural system deal with it? The issue of altruism is complicated by the lack of agreement about many aspects of it, including its very definition. The word altruism, which comes from the Italian altrui, was coinedRead MoreDeveloping Vehicular Data Cloud Services795 Words   |  4 Pages1109/TII.2014.2299233 The authors presented a multilayered approach to protect the vehicular data using the cloud platform and IoT technologies. The IoT platform’s functional, performance, and security requirements for hosting vehicular data in cloud based IoT platforms were discussed. The gaps in the existing security encryption algorithms and performance requirements were enumerated. The gaps mentioned in this article are already discussed in existing literature and no new findings were presentedRead MoreEconomics of Information1066 Words   |  5 Pagescapita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialization; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating

My Thoughts On My Parent Fears - 1535 Words

There is a risk, big or small, when you do something spontaneous. I am no stranger to danger or outrageous circumstances, unfortunately most of these events happened in my home. I’ve been sheltered all my life as if I was a bird in a caged not allowed to venture out in the world. My parent fears for my well-being and meant well; however, they never expressed it in a healthy way. They ruled with an iron fist and watched me around the clock. My mom dictated most of my weekdays. For example: if I have to wait for her on campus, if I could stay for a make-up test, or on good rare days if I was granted time hang out with my friends on campus. My father had total control of my weekends and had the last say in everything. As I grew up, I†¦show more content†¦with tears in my eyes I left with my black hoodie, phone, headphones and a screwdriver in back pocket. I peeked into the hallway. I looked to my right. My grandparents’ door was closed as usual. I looked to my lef t. The light under the bathroom door illuminated the dark hallway. The shadow is large a list names go off in my head. When I hear the shower water go on, I know who exactly is in there. â€Å"Jorge.† I whispered to myself. I look a bit further to the left. The pitch black doorway to my parent’s room was darker than usual like a black hole only allowing my father’s loud snores escape. I tipped-toed into the livingroom. I passed by Jorge’s mattress and walked to the front door. I gripped the doorknob and realized the front door could give away my location to my sleeping family with its creakiness. I retreat backwards into the kitchen’s light. I felt the butterflies in my stomach find their way to my throat. I had no idea what I was going to do. I plug in my headphones and played my NiteTimezJamz3 Playlist to help me relax. I quickly braided my hair and stuffed into my hoodie. I quickly but quietly made my way towards the backyard. I closed the door behind me as I was greeted by our 3 dogs. I pat them all on their head and walked over to the gate. I got to my knees and say my goodbyes to our 3 dogs. I let myself out the gate. I walked with in the shadow of the many parked cars. The night was icy fresh. Once on the sidewalk of my street. I ventured in on theShow MoreRelatedThe Theory of Attachment and Attachment Styles Essay examples1046 Words   |  5 Pagesis based on our relationship with a parent or early caregiver during the years of childhood. There are four different attachment styles – secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and fearful – each describing a different way in which individuals interact with others, approach social and romantic relationships, and deal with life. Each attachment style is divided along two dimensions – the fear of abandonment and the fear of closeness. Bartholomew and Horowitz define fear of abandonment as the model of selfRead More Who moved my cheese? 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Management theory and practice Free Essays

Introduction Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), was an early political scientist and is considered to be one of the most prominent American management theorists in the earlier half of the 20th century (Montana Chimov 2000, p.17). She is considered to be one of the founders of the field of Public Administration and organization studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Management theory and practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Labeled by many famous management writers, as the ‘Prophet of Management’ and the ‘Mother of Scientific Management’, she was a critical and independent thinker who has a powerful impact on the management theory in the 1920s and 1930s (Orlikowski 1996, p.427). Though an American by birth her work was better known in other countries like Britain and Japan. Some theorists attribute this to her being a woman with ideas that were far beyond her time. Another reason why her work did not have as much impact as other management theorists may also be because she worked as a social worker rather than in exalted business circles. Her approach for a social responsibility and working together was also in direct contrast to the use of power and authority, which was prevalent in the times when she was writing and lecturing (Tosi, Mero Rizzo 2001, p.11). The multinational and multicultural expansion of businesses has led to a different nature of roles and responsibilities among the management group. Today many companies are struggling towards corporate social responsibility and the ideas which Ms Follett had introduced years ago are being brought back into the light. The works of Mary Parker became obscure for a long time due to the disinterest among the companies at the time to look for a social responsibility and team work based organization. During her earlier studies, she met Dr. H Metcalf who later published many of her lectures. Dr. Metcalf together with Colonel L. Urwick together in the year 1941 assembled her lectures in a book called Dynamic Administration, which forms the basis for many researches looking for Follett’s work (Orlikowski 2003, p. 426) The Ideas of Mary Parker Follett Mary Parker Follett challenged the ideas of scientific management prevalent at the time, and helped in laying foundations to the human relations school of management (Witzel 2003 p. 102). Her idea was to control people by working with them. The industry at that time was completely hierarchical and authority and power were exerted in a military style. Follett however rooted for an entirely different style of management. She advocated for flatter hierarchies, teamwork and participative management leadership based on ability, cooperative conflict resolution and a shared corporate vision (Bloom Reichert 1998, p.258). This may be one of the reasons why her ideas were not immediately accepted in the US, where power games were the mainstay for any type of business. The companies were inherently family businesses and the leadership was the next successor to the family whether worthy or not. Teamwork was an unheard of concept, as the management scoffed at it and the subordinates worked solely at the directions of their superiors. Follett’s research and writings pointed to a collaborative approach to problem solving which advocated compromise. In fact one of her favorite admonitions to the management was ‘don’t over-manage your employees’, calling over-managing of employees as bossism. Now days, this process is known as micromanaging by many of the corporate houses. According to her workers could recognize the logic of a situation present in any management request and would comply accordingly (Montana Chamov 2000, p. 17). Hence, the management task was to formulate their requests in a logical way but to resist giving too many orders. Her work in modern times constitutes the basis of problem solving and hence is receiving renewed interest. For avoiding over-management situations in organizations, Mary Parker developed the law of situation in 1928. According to her, leaders would be more successful if they would adjust their style of leadership to the needs of their subordinates and to the requirements of the situation(Covell, Walker, Siciliano Hess 2007, p.37) . This approach is reflected in today’s scenario as contingency view, and can be seen in almost every aspect of management. Organizations usually have contingency plans, which are basically options for every situation which is likely to be encountered. A further offshoot of this plan is the Risk Management, which is the current buzzword in management of organizations. Mary Follett thought that use of authority may have negative effects. Contrary to the popular belief it does not flow downward on principle, but the interactions of various process and most importantly people with intelligent thought influence its progress throughout the channels (Tosi, Mero Rizzo, 2000, p. 11). Also in case of conflicts, she thought that a collaborative solution would tend to be productive as it would lead to integrative problem solving, rather than just exerting authority over the subordinates to impose a solution. In a sense differences would have a positive effect as they would lead to an analysis of the entire boundary of the solution. Mary Follett considered the process of management to be participative instead of one-sided. It hence follows that the job of the management is to channel both group activity and group conflicts and use them constructively to find solutions. She understood the complex social situations and focused on the working groups, which in her view should be managed efficiently instead of order to get the best results (Collins 2000, p. 54). This holds true in today’s world with many companies being too large and hence being de-centralized without losing their identity or corporate culture. Hence, management should focus on getting things done by their employees instead of controlling them at every level. The theories proposed by Mary Follett were not just related to organizations. Some of them also concerned the professional working within these organizations. The popular term used by employees in recent times is professionalism. The word was defined by Mary Parker in a way that holds true in recent terms. According to Follett, â€Å"A professional is a person who maintains loyalty to a code of ethics that transcends to a loyalty to the rest of the organization.† (Shell 2003, p.2) Hence, the term is usually used by freelance or consultants who do not bend their ethics for loyalty towards a company. Applications of Follett’s principles to organizations Mary Follett was one of the pioneers of the profession of Management Consultant in Britain. She worked for global giants like Unilever as wells as progressive Quaker firms (Murphy 2005 p. 80). In both these organizations she held major influence in bringing the human relations principles to managements. Her thoughts however were forgotten for a long time before the globalization of organizations and the consequent increase in difficulty in managing organizations by a single party. This prompted a structure of globalization where the organization looked into becoming better managed rather than more controlled. The principle of human relations can be seen in many of the organizations whether they explicitly follow the principles or not As an example Samsung is one of the giant corporations which had to be decentralized due to the political conditions prevalent in Korea at the time. The company went in for a complete decentralization where each of the industries are governed by an independent body. However, each of the companies follows single corporate vision which joins the company under one head. Samsung prepares its own chips for the end products, and is a world leader in both the mobile and chip segments. The effective delegation of work is one of the chief elements of Mary Follett’s lectures One of the major ironies is that while the work of Mary Parker was not very much in vogue in United States, countries like Britain and especially Japan embraced her philosophy. The Japanese have always been appreciative of her work because it has been in tune with the consensual, thoughtful, careful and above all respectful approach which is the characteristic of Japanese people. This is probably the reason why many of the Japanese companies follow the approach for joining huge corporations –Sony is an example of a huge company conglomerate which is entirely decentralized. In addition it is collaboration with many companies for future research (Mant 1999, p. 99) References Books Bloom SL, Reichert M, 1998, Bearing Witness: Violence and Collective responsibility, Haworth Press, NewYork Collins DV, 2000, Management Fads and Buzzwords: Critical Practical Perspectives, Roultedge, NewYork Covell D, Walker S, Siciliano J, Hess PW, 2007, Managing Sports Organizations: Responsibility for Performance†, Elsevier, Oxford Mant A, 1999, Intelligent Leadership, Allan Unwin, New South Wales Montana PJ, Chamov BH, 2000, Management, Barron’s Educational Series, NewYork Murphy CN, 2005, Global Institutions: Marginalization and Development, Roultedge, NewYork Orlikowski WJ, 2003, Information Technology and Changes in Organizational Work, Springer, London Shell RL, 2003, Management of Professionals, CRC Press, NewYork Tosi HL, Mero NP, Rizzo JR, 2000, Managing Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford Witzel M, 2003, Fifty Key Figures in Management, Roultedge, Newyork Internet Articles http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_decentralzation_delegation.html How to cite Management theory and practice, Essay examples